Deep Vein Thrombosis

Health, Home & Family
on March 22, 2012

Deep vein thrombosis (sometimes referred to as deep venous thrombosis) is a condition that occurs when a blood clot (known as a thrombus) forms in one of the deep veins in your leg. When all or part of this clot breaks off and moves through the bloodstream, it is known as an embolism. If this embolism becomes lodged in the brain, heart or other vital organs, then it can cause severe damage or death.

Incidence. Deep vein thrombosis (or DVT) is a major health problem in the United States. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, up to 100,000 people die annually as a result of DVT. Understanding the risk factors and symptoms of this condition could save lives. DVT most commonly occurs in adults over 60 but can affect anybody.

Risk factors. Blood clots can form when something causes a change in the flow of blood through the veins. As outlined by the U.S. National Library of Medicine, there are a number of different risk factors, including obesity, heart failure and recent surgery. Smoking cigarettes increases the risk, and mothers are at higher risk for the six months following the birth of a baby. If your blood is more likely to clot (hypercoagulability) or you take birth control pills, you are also at higher risk.

Symptoms. According to the Mayo Clinic, DVT occurs in about half of all cases without any symptoms. Otherwise, sufferers may experience swelling and pain in the affected leg. Pain may also be experienced in the foot or ankle and may initially feel like cramping. The affected area often becomes very warm, and the skin color may change, turning pale, red or blue.

Tests. Your physician or health care provider may perform a physical examination to determine if you have DVT, if other symptoms are detected. Tests can be conducted on the blood, and blood flow through the vein can be tested using a plethysmography. X-rays and ultrasound tests may also be conducted.

Treatment. DVT is normally treated with a medicine intended to thin the blood, known as an anticoagulant. This prevents new clots from forming, but cannot dissolve or remove any existing thrombus. Heparin is normally administered through a vein and requires a hospital visit. Warfarin is normally taken orally alongside heparin. Warfarin may need to be administered for at least three months and in some cases will be taken for life. In some cases, surgery is required.

Prevention. Patients that are prone to suffering DVT will be prescribed pressure stockings by a doctor. These can improve blood flow and reduce the risk of clots forming. Blood thinners can also be prescribed to high-risk groups. During long plane trips or car journeys, it is recommended that you regularly move your legs to stimulate blood flow and prevent the formation of clogs. Quitting smoking can also prevent the risk of DVT.